5.From this passage, we may draw a conclusion that_____.
[A] acute stress is more likely to cause women to choose aborting boys than chronic stress.
[B] stress to a woman at the time of conception, whether acute or chronic, will shift the sex ratio towards girls.
[C] more girls will be born in the future because today’s women, in both rich and poor countries, suffer from increasing pressure.
[D] chronic stress is more decisive in influencing the women’s pregnancies.
文章剖析:
这篇文章是介绍影响婴儿出生性别原因的一个新的研究成果--压力。文章第一段提出以往人们对该问题的看法,然后引出新的研究结果;第二段用一些事例来证明突发压力对于婴儿性别的影响;第三段、第四段讲述Obel博士调查研究表明慢性压力在这方面的影响;第五段对Obel博士的研究结果作了一些论证;第六段是对第一段提到的现象用得出的结论做解释。
词汇注释:
enigma n. 谜 chronic adj. 长期的,持续的
conception n. 受精 fetus n. 胎儿
questionnarie n. 调查表 quartile n. 四分位值
miscarry v. 流产 pathological adj. 病理的
strapping adj. 伟岸的,魁梧的
难句突破:
(1) Moreover, a study carried out eight years ago by researchers at the University of Aarhus, in Denmark, revealed that women who suffered the death of a child or spouse from some catastrophic illness around the time they conceived were much more likely to give birth to girls than to boys.
[主体句式] A study revealed that…
[结构分析]这是一个复合句,主语后面是一个过去分词短语做定语;revealed后面的宾语从句比较复杂,从句的主体句式为women or spouse were likely to …,状语中that 引导的定语从句用来修饰time, 第一个主语women后有一个以who引导的定语从句。
[句子译文] 。而且,八年前奥尔胡斯大学研究者们做的一项研究也表明经过了第一个孩子死亡的妇女或在怀孕期间经历过一些灾难性疾病的夫妇更有可能生女孩。
(2) If a mother's stress adversely affects the development of her fetus then selectively aborting boys, rather than wasting time and resources on bringing them to term, would make evolutionary sense.
[主体句式] If… then selectively aborting boys…would make sense.
[结构分析] 这是一个带有条件状语从句的复合句,主语由现在分词短语构成。
[句子译文]如果母亲的压力对胎儿的发展起了相反的影响,选择性地将男孩流产,而不是浪费时间和资源将他们养足月,那么就能说明进化的问题了。
题目分析:
1. The author begins the passage by_____.
1. 作者展开这篇文章一开始_____。
[A] presenting an argumentation
[A] 提出一个论点
[B] explaining a phenomenon
[B] 解释一个现象
[C] raising a question
[C] 提出一个问题
[D] making a comparison
[D] 做了一个比较
[答案]A
[难度系数] ☆
[分析]推理题。作者在文章一开始就指出在富裕国家中妇女生男孩的比率比贫穷国家高出5%,但目前这个比率在下降,有许多人给出自己的解释,但都不能被大型的研究所证明,而现在又有新的论点,就是压力的作用。接下来的几段就是对这个论点的证实。可见,作者是以提出一个论点的形式来开始这篇文章的。
2. The ratio of giving birth to a boy is falling in rich countries because_____.
2.在富裕国家中男孩的出生率下降了是因为_____。
[A] the terrorist attacks of September 11th 2001 exerted huge negative impact
[A] 2001年9月11日恐怖主义袭击带来了巨大的负面影响
[B] women are facing greater pressure than past
[B] 妇女现在面临的压力比以前大
[C] women are under new pressure now which they seldom faced in the past
[C] 妇女现在要面临新的压力,这是她们以前没有遇到过的
[D] male pregnancies are more easily to miscarry
[D] 怀了男孩的女性更加容易流产
[答案]B
[难度系数] ☆☆☆
[分析]推理题。首先A选项明显是错误的,因为这个影响只限于美国,并不包括所有的富裕国家。D也是错误选项,因为文章第四段中提到了这一点,但是选项中却丢掉了一个重要前提,也就是在较大的压力下,怀了男孩的女性才更加容易流产。题干要求找出富裕国家目前男孩出生率下降的原因,文章整篇都在讨论压力对于婴儿性别的作用,而最后一段的最后一句话作者指出,目前这个比率下降可能是因为富裕国家妇女现在承受的压力要比以前多,但是没有说明有新的压力。因此,答案为B。
3. Which of the following can explain Dr Obel’s opinion that the ultimat cause is adaptive rather than pathological?
3.以下那一项可以解释Obel博士认为最根本的原因是适应性的而不是生理性的这个观点?
[A] 47% of children born to women in the top quartile of stress were males while 52% in the bottom quartile.
[A]压力最大的四成妇女47%生育的是男孩,而压力最小的四成妇女52%生育的是男孩。
[B] Women in rich countries are more likely to give birth to boys because they are more stressful
[B]富裕国家的妇女生育男孩的几率更大,因为她们所承受的压力更大。
